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Media Type Media Type. Year Year. Collection Collection. Creator Creator. Language Language. Ramakrishna Paramahansa — is an Indian Hindu mystic and saint in 19th century. He was the master of Swami Vivekananda. Sri Ramakrishna has revived all major faith systems through practice. He has demonstrated the validity of paths like Vaisnava methods of Bijay Chandra.
Karma Yoga by Swami Vivekananda in Odia language. Published by Ramakrishna Mission Bhubaneswar. This is a book on 'Path of Action' to realize divinity written by Swami Vivekananda. His verse, short stories, and novels—many defined by rhythmic lyricism, colloquial language, meditative naturalism, and philosophical contemplation—received worldwide acclaim. Tagore was also a cultural reformer and polymath who modernised Bangla art by rejecting strictures binding it to classical Indian forms.
Tagore nicknamed "Rabi" was born the youngest of fourteen children in the Jorasanko mansion of parents Debendranath Tagore and Sarada Devi. Seeking to become a barrister, Tagore enrolled at a public school in Brighton, England in ; later, he studied at University College London, but returned to Bengal in without a degree. Known as "Zamindar Babu", Tagore traveled across the vast estate while living out of the family's luxurious barge, the Padma , to collect mostly token rents and bless villagers; in exchange, he had feasts held in his honour.
In , Tagore left Shilaidaha and moved to Santiniketan West Bengal to found an ashram, which would grow to include a marble-floored prayer hall "The Mandir" , an experimental school, groves of trees, gardens, and a library.
His father also died on 19 January , and he began receiving monthly payments as part of his inheritance; he also received income from the Maharaja of Tripura, sales of his family's jewellery, his seaside bungalow in Puri, and mediocre royalties Rs.
According to the Swedish Academy, it was given due to the idealistic and—for Western readers—accessible nature of a small body of his translated material, including the Gitanjali: Song Offerings. Through it, Tagore sought to provide an alternative to Gandhi's symbol- and protest-based Swaraj movement, which he denounced.
In his last decade, Tagore remained in the public limelight, publicly upbraiding Gandhi for stating that a massive 15 January earthquake in Bihar constituted divine retribution for the subjugation of Dalits. He continued his experimentations by developing prose-songs and dance-dramas, including Chitrangada , [20] Shyama , and Chandalika , and wrote the novels Dui Bon , Malancha , and Char Adhyay Tagore took an interest in science in his last years, writing Visva-Parichay a collection of essays in He explored biology, physics, and astronomy; meanwhile, his poetry—containing extensive naturalism—underscored his respect for scientific laws.
He also wove the process of science including narratives of scientists into many stories contained in such volumes as Se , Tin Sangi , and Galpasalpa Tagore's last four years — were marked by chronic pain and two long periods of illness. These began when Tagore lost consciousness in late ; he remained comatose and near death for an extended period. This was followed three years later in late by a similar spell, from which he never recovered. The poetry Tagore wrote in these years is among his finest, and is distinctive for its preoccupation with death; these more profound and mystical experimentations allowed Tagore to be branded a "modern poet".
Owing to his notable wanderlust, between and , Tagore visited more than thirty countries on five continents; [26] many of these trips were crucial in familiarising non-Bengali audiences to his works and spreading his political ideas.
He also wrote the essay "Nationalism in India", attracting both derision and praise the latter from pacifists, including Romain Rolland. He left for Bengal in January On his return to the UK, while his paintings were being exhibited in Paris and London, he stayed at a Friends settlement in Birmingham. There, he wrote his Hibbert Lectures for the University of Oxford which dealt with the "idea of the humanity of our God, or the divinity of Man the Eternal" and spoke at London's annual Quaker gathering.
Wells and Romain Rolland. Tagore's literary reputation is disproportionately influenced by regard for his poetry; however, he also wrote novels, essays, short stories, travelogues, dramas, and thousands of songs.
Of Tagore's prose, his short stories are perhaps most highly regarded; indeed, he is credited with originating the Bangla-language version of the genre. His works are frequently noted for their rhythmic, optimistic, and lyrical nature. However, such stories mostly borrow from deceptively simple subject matter—the lives of ordinary people. Ghare Baire The Home and the World —through the lens of the idealistic zamindar protagonist Nikhil—excoriates rising Indian nationalism, terrorism, and religious zeal in the Swadeshi movement; a frank expression of Tagore's conflicted sentiments, it emerged out of a bout of depression.
Indeed, the novel bleakly ends with Hindu-Muslim sectarian violence and Nikhil's being probably mortally wounded. In it, Tagore demonstrates his feminist leanings, using pathos to depict the plight and ultimate demise of Bengali women trapped by pregnancy, duty, and family honour; simultaneously, he treats the decline of Bengal's landed oligarchy.
Other novels were more uplifting: Shesher Kobita translated twice— Last Poem and Farewell Song is his most lyrical novel, with poems and rhythmic passages written by the main character a poet. It also contains elements of satire and postmodernism, whereby stock characters gleefully attack the reputation of an old, outmoded, oppressively renowned poet who, incidentally, goes by the name of Rabindranath Tagore. Though his novels remain among the least-appreciated of his works, they have been given renewed attention via film adaptations by such directors as Satyajit Ray; these include Chokher Bali and Ghare Baire ; many have soundtracks featuring selections from Tagore's own rabindrasangit.
Tagore also wrote many non-fiction books, writing on topics ranging from Indian history to linguistics. In addition to autobiographical works, his travelogues, essays, and lectures were compiled into several volumes, including Iurop Jatrir Patro Letters from Europe and Manusher Dhormo The Religion of Man.
Tagore was an accomplished musician and painter, writing around 2, songs. Tagore's music is inseparable from his literature, most of which—poems or parts of novels, stories, or plays alike—became lyrics for his songs.
Primarily influenced by the thumri style of Hindustani classical music, they ran the entire gamut of human emotion, ranging from his early dirge-like Brahmo devotional hymns to quasi-erotic compositions.
Even illiterate villagers sing his songs". Music critic Arther Strangeways of The Observer first introduced non-Bengalis to rabindrasangit with his book The Music of Hindostan , which described it as a "vehicle of a personality In turn, rabindrasangit influenced the styles of such musicians as sitar maestro Vilayat Khan, the sarodiya Buddhadev Dasgupta, and composer Amjad Ali Khan.
At age sixty, Tagore took up drawing and painting; successful exhibitions of his many works—which made a debut appearance in Paris upon encouragement by artists he met in the south of France [51] —were held throughout Europe. Tagore—who likely exhibited protanopia "color blindness" , or partial lack of red-green, in Tagore's case colour discernment—painted in a style characterised by peculiarities in aesthetics and colouring schemes.
Nevertheless, Tagore took to emulating numerous styles, including that of craftwork by the Malanggan people of northern New Ireland, Haida carvings from the west coast of Canada British Columbia , and woodcuts by Max Pechstein.
A story with worldwide appeal it received rave reviews in Europe , Dak Ghar dealt with death as, in Tagore's words, "spiritual freedom" from "the world of hoarded wealth and certified creeds". His other works—emphasizing fusion of lyrical flow and emotional rhythm tightly focused on a core idea—were unlike previous Bengali dramas.
His works sought to articulate, in Tagore's words, "the play of feeling and not of action". In he wrote Visarjan Sacrifice , regarded as his finest drama. Later, his dramas probed more philosophical and allegorical themes; these included Dak Ghar. Another is Tagore's Chandalika Untouchable Girl , which was modeled on an ancient Buddhist legend describing how Ananda—the Gautama Buddha's disciple—asks water of an Adivasi "untouchable" girl. The heroine, Nandini, eventually rallies the common people to destroy these symbols of subjugation.
Tagore's other plays include Chitrangada , Raja , and Mayar Khela. Dance dramas based on Tagore's plays are commonly referred to as rabindra nritya natyas. This period was among Tagore 's most fecund, yielding more than half the stories contained in the three-volume Galpaguchchha , which itself is a collection of eighty-four stories.
He attempts to distil the sense of longing felt by those long trapped in the mundane and hardscrabble confines of Indian urban life, giving play to dreams of a different existence in the distant and wild mountains: "There were autumn mornings, the time of year when kings of old went forth to conquest; and I, never stirring from my little corner in Calcutta, would let my mind wander over the whole world.
At the very name of another country, my heart would go out to it I would fall to weaving a network of dreams: the mountains, the glens, the forest Tagore's Golpoguchchho Bunch of Stories remains among Bangla literature's most popular fictional works, providing subject matter for many successful films and theatrical plays.
In Atithi also made into a film , the young Brahmin boy Tarapada shares a boat ride with a village zamindar. The boy reveals that he has run away from home, only to wander around ever since. Taking pity, the zamindar adopts him and ultimately arranges his marriage to the zamindar's own daughter. However, the night before the wedding, Tarapada runs off—again.
Strir Patra The Letter from the Wife is among Bangla literature's earliest depictions of the bold emancipation of women. The heroine Mrinal, the wife of a typical patriarchical Bengali middle class man, writes a letter while she is traveling which constitutes the whole story. It details the pettiness of her life and struggles; she finally declares that she will not return to her husband's home with the statement Amio bachbo.
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